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Kupita kwa dokotala anthu ambiri amayesa magazi ndi cholinga chodziwira matenda ena ambiri oopsa. Ngati simukudziwa momwe mungawerenge zotsatira zoyezetsa magazi, mutha kutsatira Trường ĐH Đại Việt Sài Gòn zomwe zili pansipa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti anthu ayambe kuchitapo kanthu pazochitika.

Kodi kuyezetsa magazi ndi chiyani?

Kuyezetsa magazi ndi njira yowunika ndikuwunika zigawo, mawonekedwe ndi ntchito za magazi kuti awunike thanzi ndikuwunika matenda. Kupyolera mu kuyezetsa magazi, magawo ofunikira ndi zizindikiro zimayesedwa ndikuwunikidwa, kuphatikizapo:

Chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira a magazi: Kuyezetsa magazi kungathe kudziwa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi mu chitsanzo cha magazi. Kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m’magazi kungasonyeze mavuto monga kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi, matenda a magazi, kapena matenda ena.

Kuwerengera kwa maselo oyera a magazi: Kuyeza magazi kungathe kuyeza chiwerengero cha maselo oyera a magazi, kuphatikizapo mitundu ya maselo oyera a magazi monga maselo oyera a magazi, ma lymphocytes, ndi granulocytes. Kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera amwazi kumatha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda, kutupa, kapena matenda ena.

Leukocyte Analysis: Kuyeza magazi komwe kungathe kusanthula mitundu ya maselo oyera a magazi monga peresenti ndikuwunika momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwirira ntchito.

Chiwerengero cha mapulateleti ndi chiŵerengero cha mapulateleti: Kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuyeza kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mapulateleti, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri zowunika ntchito ya impso.

Miyezo ya hemoglobini: Kuyeza magazi kumatha kuyeza kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin, chinthu chomwe chimapezeka m’maselo ofiira amagazi omwe amathandiza kunyamula mpweya m’thupi lonse. Mlingo wa hemoglobin wosadziwika ukhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi.

Nthawi yotseka magazi: Kuyeza magazi kumatha kuyeza nthawi yotseka magazi kuti awone momwe dongosolo lamagazi limagwirira ntchito m’thupi.

Zizindikiro Zamankhwala: Kuyeza magazi kungathenso kuyeza zizindikiro zamagulu monga kuchuluka kwa shuga m’magazi, cholesterol, chiwindi, kugwira ntchito kwa impso, ndi zina kuti ziwone thanzi lonse.

Njira yolondola kwambiri yowerengera zotsatira zoyezetsa magazi

Kuti muwerenge zotsatira zolondola kwambiri zoyezetsa magazi, muyenera kulabadira mayunitsi ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

Glucose (Glucose): Shuga wamagazi

Chifukwa chake, padzakhala milandu 2:

– Ngati ili kunja kwa malo ovomerezeka: zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi vuto la hypoglycemia.

– Zikachulukidwa kunja kwazomwe zimaloledwa: Izi zikutanthauza kuti muli pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga kapena kulolerana kwa glucose / metabolism.

SGOT & SGPT: Gulu la ma enzymes a chiwindi

Monga mukudziwira, chiwindi chimakhala ndi ntchito yofunikira pakuchotsa ziwalo za thupi. Mukalandira zotsatira, padzakhala 2 zotheka:

Ngati chiwerengero cha enzyme chikuwonjezeka, chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a chiwindi chifukwa cha kutupa, fibrosis, khansa, ndi zina zotero.

Ngati index ya enzyme ichepa, ikhoza kukhala chenjezo la matenda ashuga, mimba, Beriberi, etc.

Pamene malirewa adutsa, ntchito ya chiwindi imawonongeka. Choncho, muyenera kulamulira zakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuti chiwindi chizimwe, mowa, ndi zina zotero.

Gulu lamafuta amwazi: Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C)

Mukapeza zotsatira zomwe sizikufanana ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chodwala matenda amtima komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Ndi mayeso a HDL-Cholesterol: Amaganiziridwa kuti akuwonetsa kusuntha kwa cholesterol kuchokera ku atheroma.

– Ndi mayeso a LDL-Cholesterol: Imawonetsa cholesterol yoyipa chifukwa cholesterol ya LDL imakwera kwambiri m’mwazi zomwe zimapangitsa kuyika m’mitsempha yamagazi, ndikuyambitsa zolembera. Izi zimabweretsa matenda oopsa monga matenda a mtima, sitiroko, etc.

GGT: Gamma Glutamyl Transferase

GGT ndi puloteni yomwe imaphwanya ma amino acid ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glutathione m’thupi. Ichinso ndi enzyme yoyamba yomwe imakhudzidwa pamene ma pathologies a chiwindi ndi biliary amachitika. Pamene mayeso a GGT amathandizira kuchotsa matenda ena a hepatobiliary.

Urea (mwazi wa urea)

Urea amapangidwa m’chiwindi mozungulira Krebs ndipo ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa metabolism ya nayitrogeni. Magazi urea ndende zimadalira zinthu zitatu: aimpso ntchito, electrolyte bwino ndi amkati mapuloteni catabolism.

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) ndi gawo la nayitrogeni la urea lomwe lili ndi 8 – 24 mg/dL yofanana ndi 2.86 – 8.57 mmol/L (mwamuna) ndi 6 – 21 mg/dl ofanana ndi 2.14 – 7.50 mmol/L kwa akazi.

Creatine (Creatine)

Cre ndi chinthu chowonongeka cha kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya creatine phosphate, kuchuluka komwe kumapangidwa kumadalira misala ya minofu, izi zimabwereranso kumayendedwe. Mu impso, Cre imasefedwa kudzera mu glomeruli ndipo samalowetsedwanso ndi machubu aimpso ndikutulutsidwa mumkodzo. Chifukwa chake, gawo la Cre ndi gawo lokhazikika la mapuloteni osadalira zakudya ndipo limawonetsa ntchito yaimpso ya wodwalayo.

– Ngati magazi a Cre achulukitsidwa mu: Osavuta kuyambitsa matenda a impso, kulephera kwa mtima, matenda a shuga, …

– Ngati magazi a C achepa mu: Amayi apakati, eclampsia, kusowa kwa zakudya m’thupi, ndi zina zotero.

Uric (Uric Acid)

Uric ndi mankhwala a purine m’munsi kagayidwe ka nucleic acid, excreted makamaka mu mkodzo ndi pang’ono kudzera m`mimba thirakiti.

– Ngati magazi a uric acid akuwonjezeka: Ikhoza kuchenjeza za matenda monga kunenepa kwambiri, hydromas, psoriasis, kulephera kwa impso, ndi zina zotero.

– Ngati magazi a uric acid achepa: Ikhoza kuchenjeza matenda monga matenda a Wilson, antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome, Falconi syndrome, ndi zina zotero.

Zotsatira za chitetezo

Kuyesa kwa Anti-HBs

Kuyeza kwa anti-HBs kumayang’ana chitetezo cha mthupi ku kachilombo ka hepatitis, kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies motsutsana ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B.

• Ngati munalandira katemera wa hepatitis B kapena mutadwala matenda a hepatitis B ndipo mwachira, thupi lanu lidzapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a hepatitis B motsutsana ndi kachilomboka ndipo kuyesa kwa anti-HBs kudzakhala kwabwino.
• Ngati chitetezo cha chiwindi B ndi champhamvu (100-1000 UI/ml), kupewa sikofunikira. Koma ngati antibody ndi yofooka (0-10 UI/ml), kuthekera kwa chiwindi cha B ndikokwera kwambiri.

-HBsAg

Chiwopsezo cha Hepatitis B surface Antigen ndi antigen ya pamwamba pa kachilombo ka B. Zotsatira zidzakuuzani ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka B. Mayesowa amatengera magazi omwe alibe.

Maselo ofiira a magazi (RBC)

Mukalandira zotsatira, milandu ingapo ingachitike:

– Ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m’magazi kumawonjezeka: Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi m’thupi ndi erythrocytosis.

Ngati chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira a m’magazi ndi chochepa: Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

Mukalandira zotsatira, milandu ingapo ingachitike:

– Ngati Hemoglobin iwonjezeka: Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi m’thupi, matenda a mtima, mapapo.

– Ngati Hemoglobin yachepetsedwa: Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi, magazi, hemolytic reaction.

Hematocrit (HCT)

Mukalandira zotsatira, milandu ingapo ingachitike:

– Ngati Hematocrit ichulukira mu: Atha kukhala ndi matenda am’mapapo osatha, matenda amtima, kuchepa kwa magazi …

– Ngati Hematocrit imachepa mu: Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kutaya magazi, kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi, mimba.

Kuchuluka kwa erythrocyte (MCV)

Mukalandira zotsatira, milandu ingapo ingachitike:

– Kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi: Kungakhale chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa vitamini B12, kuchepa kwa folic acid, matenda a chiwindi, erythrocytosis, hypothyroidism, ndi zina zotero.

– Kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira amwazi mu: Atha kukhala chifukwa cha kusowa kwa iron, thalassemia syndrome, erythroblastic anemia, kulephera kwa impso, ndi zina zambiri.

Mean erythrocyte count (MCH)

Mukalandira zotsatira, milandu ingapo ingachitike:

– Ngati MCH ichulukitsidwa mu: Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi, cholowa chambiri chozungulira erythrocytosis, …

– Ngati MHC ichepa: Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi, …

Kuchuluka kwa erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Mukalandira zotsatira, milandu ingapo ingachitike:

– Ngati MCHC ikwezedwa mu: Mwina chifukwa cha erythrocytosis yoopsa, kukhalapo kwa zinthu zozizira za agglutinin.

Ngati MCHC yachepetsedwa mu: Kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa folate kapena vitamini B12, cirrhosis ya chiwindi, ndi zina zotero.

Chiwerengero cha maselo oyera a magazi mu voliyumu ya magazi (WBC)

Mukalandira zotsatira, milandu ingapo ingachitike:

– Ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera amwazi kumawonjezeka: Kungakhale chifukwa cha kutupa, zilonda, khansa ya m’magazi, ndi zina zotero.

– Ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a m’magazi kumachepa: Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha hypoplasia, kulephera kwamafuta, vitamini B12 kapena kuchepa kwa folate, matenda a bakiteriya, ndi zina zambiri.

Neutrophils (NEUT)

Mukalandira zotsatira, milandu ingapo ingachitike:

– Ngati ma neutrophils ali okwera mu: Atha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda oopsa, pachimake myocardial infarction, kupsinjika, etc.

– Ngati ma neutrophils achepa: Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda a virus, hypoplasia kapena kulephera kwa m’mafupa, mankhwala ochepetsa chitetezo chathupi, chithandizo cha radiation, ndi zina zambiri.

Lymphocytes (LYM)

Mukalandira zotsatira, milandu ingapo ingachitike:

– Ngati ma Lymphocyte akuwonjezeka: Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha chifuwa chachikulu, matenda a bakiteriya, kachilomboka, ndi zina zotero.

– Ngati chiwerengero cha lymphocyte chikuchepa: Zingakhale chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, kachilombo ka HIV / AIDS, kuponderezedwa kwa mafupa chifukwa cha chemotherapy, khansa, ndi zina zotero.

Mono leukocyte

Mukalandira zotsatira, milandu ingapo ingachitike:

– Ngati maselo oyera a Mono akuwonjezeka: Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda a virus, mono-leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders, etc.

– Ngati maselo oyera a Mono amachepetsa: Atha kukhala chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mafupa, khansa, ndi zina.

eosinophils (EOS)

– Ngati eosinophils awonjezeka: Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha ziwengo, matenda a parasitic, etc.

Basophils (BASO)

Ngati mtengo wa basophil ukuchulukirachulukira: Ziwopsezo, leukemia kapena hypothyroidism zitha kupezeka.

Chiwerengero cha mapulateleti mu voliyumu ya magazi (PLT)

Mapulateleti amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuundana kwa magazi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi masiku 5 mpaka 9.

Ngati mapulateleti ali okwera kwambiri: Atha kupanga magazi kuundana, sitiroko yosavuta, matenda amtima, kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, ndi zina zambiri.

Ngati mapulateleti ali otsika kwambiri: Angayambitse magazi.

Kugawa kwa Platelet (PDW)

Mukalandira zotsatira, milandu ingapo ingachitike:

– Kugawikana kwa mapulateleti kukuchulukirachulukira: Matenda a sickle cell, gram-positive ndi gram-negative bacteremia.

– Pamene kugawidwa kwa mapulateleti kumachepetsedwa: Zingakhale chifukwa cha uchidakwa.

Mean platelet volume (MPV)

Mukalandira zotsatira, milandu ingapo ingachitike:

– Ngati kuchuluka kwa platelet (MPV) kumawonjezeka: Matenda a shuga, matenda amtima, kupsinjika maganizo, etc.

– Ngati kuchuluka kwa mapulateleti (MPV) kucheperachepera: Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi kwa megaloblastic, chemotherapy, khansa yapakhungu …

Dziwani poyesa magazi

– Konzekerani maganizo musanayezetse magazi.

– Ngati mukumva chizungulire mutatenga magazi, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu kapena ogwira ntchito za labotale mwamsanga kuti akuthandizeni.

– Pambuyo pa mayeso, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zilonda zazing’ono chifukwa cha kubaya kwa singano. Komabe izo zidzazimiririka.

Kotero mwaphunzira momwe mungawerengere zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi. Tikukhulupirira kuti chidziwitsochi chithandiza anthu kumvetsetsa momwe thanzi lawo lilili, kukonzekera zakudya zoyenera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

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